Former names | 'Carroll's' located at 1309 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1943) |
---|---|
Location | Cherry Hill, New Jersey (1960) |
Owner | Stanley and Beatrice Carroll (1944-1968) Arthur Friedman and Jack Price (1943-1951) David Dushoff and Daniel 'Dallas' Gerson (1951-1978) |
Type | Dinner theater, nightclub, showroom |
Genre(s) | Entertainment |
Seating type | Showroom Tables & Booth seating |
Capacity | 1,500 |
Construction | |
Built | 1960 |
Construction cost | $3 million (1960) |
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The Latin Casino was a Philadelphia-area nightclub that first opened in 1944 at 1309 Walnut Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Many top entertainers performed at the Latin including Harry Belafonte, Jimmy Durante, Sammy Davis Jr., Dean Martin, Richard Pryor, Jerry Lewis, Milton Berle, Lena Horne, Pearl Bailey, Louis Armstrong, Lionel Hampton, and Joey Bishop. The Latin was a very popular Center City nightclub for a decade.[2]
In 1960, owners Stanley and Bea Carroll (of 'Carroll's'), David Dushoff, and Daniel 'Dallas' Gerson relocated the nightclub to 2235 Route 70 in nearby Cherry Hill, New Jersey, and built the plush 1,500-seat, Vegas-style[3] dinner theater renamed from the 'Latin' to the 'Latin Casino', although casino gambling was not included. It was considered one of the fanciest, hippest dinner nightclub experiences of that time featuring dinner, drinks and a showcase of top entertainment, and was called 'The Showplace of the Stars'.[4]
Following a period of strong popular success, the Latin Casino finally closed in the summer of 1978 as an indication of an end of era and a symbol of the evolution of pop culture. Five months later, at the height of the disco craze, it reopened as an exotic disco club, Emerald City. Success was short lived and it was converted to a venue for progressive rock bands and finally closed in December 1982, and was later demolished for commercial use.[2]
Background[edit]
The supper club was opened in 1943 by Jack Price and Arthur Friedman. Friedman, a US Army veteran, was the key—because of his veteran status—to obtaining the liquor license needed to open and operate the night club. Arthur Friedman was Jack Price's nephew. He was the son of Frieda Friedman who was Jack Price's sister. The night club was then purchased by Stanley and Bea Carroll, David Dushoff and Dallas Gerson in 1951[5] and was originally located near Juniper and Walnut Streets in Center City, Philadelphia. Frustrated by Pennsylvania's restrictive liquor laws, conflicts with city officials, the desire for more parking space,[5] and outgrowing its small size, the two owners decided to move across the Delaware River five miles to Delaware Township, New Jersey (soon to be renamed Cherry Hill) in 1960. The new Latin was four times as large[6] and located diagonally across the highway from the Seashore Line tracks and Garden State Park. Some of the first acts who played The Latin were Patti Page, comedian Sammy Shore, and Johnny Mathis.
'The Latin' was a famous showroom for showcasing entertainers like Cherry Hill Estates neighbors Bobby Darin, Al Martino, and Frankie Avalon (whose family had ownership interests in a popular pizzeria 'King of Pizza' diagonally across Route 70). Stars that appeared on stage and frequented the area were Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons, Richard Pryor (who recorded his 1975 album ..Is It Something I Said? there), Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, Pat Cooper, The Temptations, The Supremes,[7]Liza Minnelli, Tom Jones, Donna Summer, B.B. King, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Connie Francis, Joan Rivers, Don Rickles, Gloria Gaynor, Della Reese, Eddie Fisher, Trini Lopez, Allan Sherman, Doris Ruby,[8]Fran Warren,[8]Danny Thomas,[8] and Engelbert Humperdinck. Philadelphia-native Bob Saget in 2017 talked about trying to sneak-in to the Latin Casino to see Don Rickles perform. He was arrested.[9]
There were several celebrity incidents that drew media attention. On September 29, 1975, Jackie Wilson suffered a massive heart attack[10] while playing a Dick Clark show,[4] falling head-first to the stage. He was singing his hit 'Lonely Teardrops' and was stricken just after the line 'My heart is crying, crying.' Wilson became comatose and was taken to Cherry Hill Hospital; he lived in a nursing home until his death at age 49. Brenda Lee broke her neck onstage during a June 12, 1962, performance, and eventually recovered in time to graduate high school. Tom Jones was also once jumped outside the back door following one of his performances by two fanatical Italian women going by the name Canni. Mr. Jones was not hurt but the ladies were banned from 'The Latin' and from any Tom Jones performance.
The celebrities and orchestra players performing at nightclub often drank at the neighboring Rickshaw Inn lobby bar.[11]
In 1978, with nightclubs in a general state of decline and competition from casinos in Atlantic City imminent, the Latin Casino was converted to a disco called Emerald City that boasted a neon light show over the dance floor that cost in excess of one million dollars. After a couple years Emerald City shifted from disco to rock club, hosting major and up-and-coming acts of the time such as The Rolling Stones, James Brown & The Famous Flames (who recorded their 1967 album, Live at The Garden, there[12][13]), Aerosmith, The Ramones, Ultravox, Talking Heads, Elvis Costello, Alice Cooper, Madonna, The B-52's, The Go-Go's, Squeeze, Joan Jett, Dire Straits, The Romantics, UB40, Joe Jackson, Cyndi Lauper, The Psychedelic Furs, George Thorogood & the Destroyers, Blue Öyster Cult, and Prince on his debut tour. The Cure played their first ever American show at this venue on April 10, 1980. It was torn down in the mid-1980s after a fire. The headquarters of Subaru of America was then built on the site, opening in 1986. Upon Subaru moving their headquarters to Camden in 2018, their former headquarters were demolished throughout May 2019.
In November 2019, the club was recreated for the setting of a scene in Martin Scorsese's 'The Irishman'
The menu[edit]
The menu reflected the Pop culture choices of the 1960s. The artwork for the menu cover was an ink drawing of the exterior facade on a background of drink glasses, music notes, and star like asterisks. In the inside cover the management stated 'The Latin Casino offers the ultimate in facilities for Banquets, Conventions, Trade Shows, Fund Raising Events of every type. Group size may be from 20 to 2000.'
The two page menu had a variety of American styled selections intended to attract the crowd seeking entertainment excitement, as well as the large groups for banquets or a grand place for various celebrations. On page one of food and listed on the left hand page were six headings that included 9 Appetizers, 2 Soups/Salad, 12 Entrees (lobster & steaks), Vegetables, 6 Desserts and 3 Beverages (no soda), with a final comment by the management of May we suggest an after dinner drink. On the right hand page of the menu was a Section entitled, From Our Chinese Kitchen. It offered 13 oriental entrees and several side dishes. A final item ending this page outlined in a long rectangle was a special menu selection of a 'Complete Polynesian Dinner.'
References[edit]
- ^'Latin Has Stage Presence In Local Pop Music Lore'. Articles.philly.com. 1992-01-28. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
- ^ ab'South Jersey Had Its Day As Performance Hot Spot The Action Today Is On The Waterfront. Before Mtv, The Latin Casino Was The Place To Be'. Articles.philly.com. 2011-12-28. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
- ^King, Wayne (1973-11-18). 'What's Doing in PHILADENPHIA'. The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^ abKittrels, Alonzo. 'Latin Casino, Pep's, were only a sample'. The Philadelphia Tribune. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^ ab'DAVID DUSHOFF, 61, BUILT LATIN CASINO'. The New York Times. 1972-12-22. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
- ^'The Latin Legend - SouthJerseyMagazine.com'. www.southjerseymagazine.com. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^Strauss, Robert (2006). 'Seeking a Sense of Place'. The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^ abcWalter Winchell .. In New York, Washington Post, May 27, 1951, pg. B9.
- ^'Watch: Bob Saget shares his favorite Don Rickles stories with John Stamos, Jimmy Kimmel'. Philly.com. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^'JACKIE WILSON, ROCK SINGER; RECORDS INCLUDED 'TEARDROPS''. The New York Times. 1984. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^Trethan, Phaedra. 'Recalling the Latin Casino: Showplace of the stars'. Courier-Post. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
- ^'Live at Garden: James Brown: Music'. Amazon.com. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
- ^'VVN Music: James Brown's Live at the Garden Being Reissued in Expanded Edition'. Vintagevinylnews.com. 2009-08-30. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
Coordinates: 39°55′21″N75°02′38″W / 39.922479°N 75.043976°W
The Latin Casino was a Philadelphia-area nightclub that first opened in 1944 at 1309 Walnut Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Many top entertainers performed at the Latin including Harry Belafonte, Jimmy Durante, Sammy Davis Jr., Dean Martin, Richard Pryor, Jerry Lewis, Milton Berle, Lena Horne, Pearl Bailey, Louis Armstrong, Lionel Hampton, and Joey Bishop. The Latin was a very popular Center City nightclub for a decade.[2]
In 1960, owners Stanley and Bea Carroll (of 'Carroll's'), David Dushoff, and Daniel 'Dallas' Gerson relocated the nightclub to 2235 Route 70 in nearby Cherry Hill, New Jersey, and built the plush 1,500-seat, Vegas-style[3] dinner theater renamed from the 'Latin' to the 'Latin Casino', although casino gambling was not included. It was considered one of the fanciest, hippest dinner nightclub experiences of that time featuring dinner, drinks and a showcase of top entertainment, and was called 'The Showplace of the Stars'.[4]
Following a period of strong popular success, the Latin Casino finally closed in the summer of 1978 as an indication of an end of era and a symbol of the evolution of pop culture. Five months later, at the height of the disco craze, it reopened as an exotic disco club, Emerald City. Success was short lived and it was converted to a venue for progressive rock bands and finally closed in December 1982, and was later demolished for commercial use.[2]
Background[edit]
The supper club was opened in 1943 by Jack Price and Arthur Friedman. Friedman, a US Army veteran, was the key—because of his veteran status—to obtaining the liquor license needed to open and operate the night club. Arthur Friedman was Jack Price's nephew. He was the son of Frieda Friedman who was Jack Price's sister. The night club was then purchased by Stanley and Bea Carroll, David Dushoff and Dallas Gerson in 1951[5] and was originally located near Juniper and Walnut Streets in Center City, Philadelphia. Frustrated by Pennsylvania's restrictive liquor laws, conflicts with city officials, the desire for more parking space,[5] and outgrowing its small size, the two owners decided to move across the Delaware River five miles to Delaware Township, New Jersey (soon to be renamed Cherry Hill) in 1960. The new Latin was four times as large[6] and located diagonally across the highway from the Seashore Line tracks and Garden State Park. Some of the first acts who played The Latin were Patti Page, comedian Sammy Shore, and Johnny Mathis.
'The Latin' was a famous showroom for showcasing entertainers like Cherry Hill Estates neighbors Bobby Darin, Al Martino, and Frankie Avalon (whose family had ownership interests in a popular pizzeria 'King of Pizza' diagonally across Route 70). Stars that appeared on stage and frequented the area were Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons, Richard Pryor (who recorded his 1975 album ..Is It Something I Said? there), Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, Pat Cooper, The Temptations, The Supremes,[7]Liza Minnelli, Tom Jones, Donna Summer, B.B. King, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Connie Francis, Joan Rivers, Don Rickles, Gloria Gaynor, Della Reese, Eddie Fisher, Trini Lopez, Allan Sherman, Doris Ruby,[8]Fran Warren,[8]Danny Thomas,[8] and Engelbert Humperdinck. Philadelphia-native Bob Saget in 2017 talked about trying to sneak-in to the Latin Casino to see Don Rickles perform. He was arrested.[9]
There were several celebrity incidents that drew media attention. On September 29, 1975, Jackie Wilson suffered a massive heart attack[10] while playing a Dick Clark show,[4] falling head-first to the stage. He was singing his hit 'Lonely Teardrops' and was stricken just after the line 'My heart is crying, crying.' Wilson became comatose and was taken to Cherry Hill Hospital; he lived in a nursing home until his death at age 49. Brenda Lee broke her neck onstage during a June 12, 1962, performance, and eventually recovered in time to graduate high school. Tom Jones was also once jumped outside the back door following one of his performances by two fanatical Italian women going by the name Canni. Mr. Jones was not hurt but the ladies were banned from 'The Latin' and from any Tom Jones performance.
The celebrities and orchestra players performing at nightclub often drank at the neighboring Rickshaw Inn lobby bar.[11]
In 1978, with nightclubs in a general state of decline and competition from casinos in Atlantic City imminent, the Latin Casino was converted to a disco called Emerald City that boasted a neon light show over the dance floor that cost in excess of one million dollars. After a couple years Emerald City shifted from disco to rock club, hosting major and up-and-coming acts of the time such as The Rolling Stones, James Brown & The Famous Flames (who recorded their 1967 album, Live at The Garden, there[12][13]), Aerosmith, The Ramones, Ultravox, Talking Heads, Elvis Costello, Alice Cooper, Madonna, The B-52's, The Go-Go's, Squeeze, Joan Jett, Dire Straits, The Romantics, UB40, Joe Jackson, Cyndi Lauper, The Psychedelic Furs, George Thorogood & the Destroyers, Blue Öyster Cult, and Prince on his debut tour. The Cure played their first ever American show at this venue on April 10, 1980. It was torn down in the mid-1980s after a fire. The headquarters of Subaru of America was then built on the site, opening in 1986. Upon Subaru moving their headquarters to Camden in 2018, their former headquarters were demolished throughout May 2019.
In November 2019, the club was recreated for the setting of a scene in Martin Scorsese's 'The Irishman'
The menu[edit]
The menu reflected the Pop culture choices of the 1960s. The artwork for the menu cover was an ink drawing of the exterior facade on a background of drink glasses, music notes, and star like asterisks. In the inside cover the management stated 'The Latin Casino offers the ultimate in facilities for Banquets, Conventions, Trade Shows, Fund Raising Events of every type. Group size may be from 20 to 2000.'
The two page menu had a variety of American styled selections intended to attract the crowd seeking entertainment excitement, as well as the large groups for banquets or a grand place for various celebrations. On page one of food and listed on the left hand page were six headings that included 9 Appetizers, 2 Soups/Salad, 12 Entrees (lobster & steaks), Vegetables, 6 Desserts and 3 Beverages (no soda), with a final comment by the management of May we suggest an after dinner drink. On the right hand page of the menu was a Section entitled, From Our Chinese Kitchen. It offered 13 oriental entrees and several side dishes. A final item ending this page outlined in a long rectangle was a special menu selection of a 'Complete Polynesian Dinner.'
References[edit]
- ^'Latin Has Stage Presence In Local Pop Music Lore'. Articles.philly.com. 1992-01-28. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
- ^ ab'South Jersey Had Its Day As Performance Hot Spot The Action Today Is On The Waterfront. Before Mtv, The Latin Casino Was The Place To Be'. Articles.philly.com. 2011-12-28. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
- ^King, Wayne (1973-11-18). 'What's Doing in PHILADENPHIA'. The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^ abKittrels, Alonzo. 'Latin Casino, Pep's, were only a sample'. The Philadelphia Tribune. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^ ab'DAVID DUSHOFF, 61, BUILT LATIN CASINO'. The New York Times. 1972-12-22. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
- ^'The Latin Legend - SouthJerseyMagazine.com'. www.southjerseymagazine.com. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^Strauss, Robert (2006). 'Seeking a Sense of Place'. The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^ abcWalter Winchell .. In New York, Washington Post, May 27, 1951, pg. B9.
- ^'Watch: Bob Saget shares his favorite Don Rickles stories with John Stamos, Jimmy Kimmel'. Philly.com. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^'JACKIE WILSON, ROCK SINGER; RECORDS INCLUDED 'TEARDROPS''. The New York Times. 1984. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^Trethan, Phaedra. 'Recalling the Latin Casino: Showplace of the stars'. Courier-Post. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
- ^'Live at Garden: James Brown: Music'. Amazon.com. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
- ^'VVN Music: James Brown's Live at the Garden Being Reissued in Expanded Edition'. Vintagevinylnews.com. 2009-08-30. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
Coordinates: 39°55′21″N75°02′38″W / 39.922479°N 75.043976°W
Imagine walking into a casino with a computer strapped to your chest. Solenoid electromagnets thump against your body telling you where to place your bet on the roulette table. Suddenly, you start getting electric shocks. You rush to the toilet to undertake emergency repairs, hoping that the casino staff do not realise what is happening.
In the late seventies, graduate student Doyne Farmer and colleagues did just that – with purpose-built computers that could predict where a roulette ball would land. The project, described in the book The Newtonian Casino (published as The Eudaemonic Pie in the US), was, however, difficult and fraught with technical problems. The team never really found a reliable way of doing it. But decades later, is it any closer to becoming a reality?
In a game of roulette, the croupier spins a wheel in one direction and a ball in the other direction. Players then place bets on where the ball will land by choosing either a single number, a range of numbers, the colours red or black or odd or even numbers.
Our understanding of the physics behind the movement of the ball and wheel is pretty solid – governed by Newton's laws of motion. As the ball slows, gravity takes hold and it falls into one of the numbered compartments. It is predictable when the ball will leave the rim. However once it does, the route it takes to a numbered slot is less so. This is because the ball bounces around as it strikes various obstacles.
Every roulette wheel is slightly different. Atmospheric conditions continually change and the wheel itself has features that encourage randomness – such as the size of the frets between the numbers and the diamond-shaped obstacles that intercept the ball as it falls down to the wheel. This means that you cannot predict the exact number where the ball will land. But you only need to know which area of the wheel the ball will land and you can gain a massive advantage over the casino – more than 40%. This is a huge swing from the 5.26% margin that US casinos have over players – often referred to as the house edge. In Europe it is only 2.7%, as the wheel has only one zero (a US wheel has two zeroes).
Sweaty experiments
When Farmer and his team entered the casino for the first time, two people were wearing computers. One had a computer built into his shoes, with the task of inputting data by tapping switches under the toes. This computer performed two main functions. One was to adjust parameters for each wheel before a game, such as the rate at which the ball and wheel slowed down, and the velocity of the ball when it fell off the track. They also had to determine whether the wheel exhibited any tilt.
The second job was during live play. The player with the shoe computer tapped the toe switches each time a certain point (typically the double zero) on the wheel passed by and also when the ball passed by. Using this information, the program could calculate the speed of both the wheel and the ball – thus knowing when the ball would start to fall. Knowing the relative positions of the ball and the wheel meant that a prediction could be made about where the ball would finally land. The computer then had to transmit the prediction to the person wearing the second computer. This was achieved by weak radio signals.
The second computer, strapped to someone else, received the radio signals and conveyed this information to the player by the solenoid electromagnets that thumped that player's stomach. A code had been developed which relayed the predicted number, with the player placing bets on that number and several numbers either side to account for the randomness. In order that the casinos could not easily see what they were doing, the team altered their betting patterns slightly. For example, not betting on all the consecutive numbers.
However this never gave them the 40% advantage observed in the lab – mainly due to technological problems such as short circuits caused by sweating, wires becoming loose and lost radio connections.
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It took several years for the team (which now comprised about 20 people who'd worked on the project in varying degrees) to develop an improved computer system. Both computers were now in custom-built shoes. This could protect the operator from being electrocuted but would also make it harder for the casino to detect. The other innovation was that the computers were set in resin blocks, with only the toe-operated switches and the solenoids that now drummed against the feet, being visible. This was to try and combat the problems such as loose wires and sweating.
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They then entered Binion's casino in Las Vegas ready for an all-out assault. Once the parameters had been set, the first prediction was to bet in the third octant – which included the numbers 1, 13, 24 and 36. The ball landed in 13 and the team got paid off at 35-1. The years of work looked promising, but the solenoids eventually started to act randomly, so the accurate predictions from one computer were not being transmitted to the other. The team suspected it was due to the electronic noise present in casinos. Eventually they had no choice but to abandon the idea.
Would it work today?
The main issue in the late seventies and early eighties was that the team had to build their own computers from scratch, literally – they had to design the computer, buy all the components and get busy with a soldering iron. These days, the computers are readily available, as the following video shows.
Technology has evolved. These days, all the required processing power could be fitted into a single unit. You could imagine a system based on a mobile phone where the camera videos the ball and the wheel and image processing software extracts the relevant data so that the prediction software can calculate the final position of the ball.
But certain challenges still remain. If several people are involved, which is the best way to avoid detection, how can you work as a team and pass data? Perhaps the use of free wifi in many casinos could be a solution? Another problem is how to best hide the fact that you are trying to use an electronic device to predict where the ball will land, when you need to input data and receive the prediction. Here, suitably connected glasses may be one get around, used in tandem with toe-operated switches.
The hardest challenge, however, is the casino itself. They are certainly unlikely to simply let you have a camera pointed at the roulette wheel, especially if you are winning. If they did, they would be likely to ask you to leave and as it is often illegal to use such devices. But with a little creativity it may not be long before scientists prove they are able to outsmart casinos.